Propriedades nutricionais, químicas e bioativas de duas espécies de cogumelos silvestres do género Leccinum, provenientes do Nordeste Transmontano

Os cogumelos são muito apreciados, não apenas pelas suas propriedades organoléticas e nutricionais, mas também pelo seu potencial medicinal e capacidade de produção e acumulação de compostos bioativos. As suas propriedades antioxidantes e antitumorais têm sido amplamente documentadas, nomeadamente, pelo nosso grupo de investigação [1,2]. No entanto, das numerosas espécies que caracterizam a micoflora transmontana, existem ainda espécies pouco estudadas como é o caso de Leccinum molle (Bon) Bon e Leccinum vulpinum Watling. Assim sendo, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar nutricional e quimicamente amostras silvestres das espécies referidas, em exemplares provenientes do nordeste transmontano (novembro, 2012). As propriedades antioxidantes e antitumorais dos seus extratos metanólicos foram também estudadas em condições in vitro. As contribuições energéticas obtidas após determinação dos macronutrientes foram 391 e 360 kcal/100 g massa seca para L. molle e L. vulpinum, respetivamente. O açúcar presente em maior quantidade em L. molle foi o manitol (11 g/100 g), enquanto que para L. vulpinum foi a trealose (8 g/100 g). A percentagem de ácidos gordos encontrada em L. molle e L. vulpinum foi, respectivamente: ácidos gordos saturados- 17% (maioritariamente ácido palmítico), monoinsaturados- 39 e 29% (maioritariamente ácido oleico), polinsaturados- 44 e 54% (maioritariamente ácido linoleico). Relativamente à vitamina E, a isoforma β-tocoferol foi a maioritária em L. molle (13 μg/100 g) e γ-tocoferol em L. vulpinum (296 μg/100 g). A composição em ácidos fenólicos foi 0.19 mg/100 g (ácidos p-hidroxibenzóico e cinâmico) e 0.69 mg/100 g (também os ácidos gálico e protocatéquico), respetivamente, e em ácidos orgânicos 4 mg/100 g (ácidos oxálico, cítrico e fumárico) e 0.5 mg/100 g (ácido quínico em vez de cítrico). L. vulpinum apresentou maior atividade antioxidante em todos os ensaios (atividade captadora de radicais livres, poder redutor e inibição da peroxidação lipídica): valores de EC50 < 1.2 mg/mL. No que concerne a atividade antitumoral, esta espécie foi a única que inibiu a proliferação de linhas celulares tumorais humanas (mama, pulmão, cólon, cervical e hepatocelular), sendo a linha celular HCT-15 a mais susceptível (carcinoma de cólon; GI50 = 78 μg/mL). Até 400 μg/mL, os extratos não revelaram toxicidade para células não tumorais (culturas primárias de células de fígado). Este estudo contribui para a valorização das espécies de cogumelos anteriormente mencionadas, fornecendo mais informação relativamente à sua composição química e bioatividade

Evaluation of potential interactions of oral medications prescribed in a kidney and liver transplant unit

Objective: To identify, quantify and classify, according to the degree of severity, potential drug interactions (PDI) present in prescriptions for oral medications for patients admitted to a transplant unit. Methods: This is a descriptive and retrospective cross-sectional study based on the prescriptions of patients admitted to a kidney and liver transplantation unit. Where data were collected from 831 prescriptions and from this total, 223 were selected, which were submitted to the tracking of possible drug-drug interactions using the online tool Micromedex®. Results: The selected prescriptions had between 1 and 21 drugs (mean of 8 ± 4), with 216 potential drug interactions identified; of this total, the following results were found regarding the severity of these potential events: major (62.03%), moderate (31.94%) and minor (6.01%). Through the analysis carried out, a total of 66.66% (n=46) of the evaluated patients presented potential drug interactions in their prescriptions, with an average of 3.13 PDI per patient. It was possible to observe that more than 50% of patients had potential drug interactions in their prescriptions, among which immunosuppressants were involved in 49.52% of all interactions. Conclusion: It was possible to observe that the high frequency of potential drug interactions in transplant patients is possibly due to the amount of drugs prescribed concomitantly, due to the various comorbidities that these patients have, since the greater the number of drugs prescribed, the greater the probability of having this type of interaction. The most common PDIs were of greater severity, which highlights the importance of patient monitoring for adequate decision-making by the clinical staff, promoting patient safety

Wild dogs at stake: deforestation threatens the only Amazon endemic canid, the short-eared dog (Atelocynus microtis)

The persistent high deforestation rate and fragmentation of the Amazon forests are the main threats to their biodiversity. To anticipate and mitigate these threats, it is important to understand and predict how species respond to the rapidly changing landscape. The short-eared dog Atelocynus microtis is the only Amazon-endemic canid and one of the most understudied wild dogs worldwide. We investigated short-eared dog habitat associations on two spatial scales. First, we used the largest record database ever compiled for short-eared dogs in combination with species distribution models to map species habitat suitability, estimate its distribution range and predict shifts in species distribution in response to predicted deforestation across the entire Amazon (regional scale). Second, we used systematic camera trap surveys and occupancy models to investigate how forest cover and forest fragmentation affect the space use of this species in the Southern Brazilian Amazon (local scale). Species distribution models suggested that the short-eared dog potentially occurs over an extensive and continuous area, through most of the Amazon region south of the Amazon River. However, approximately 30% of the short-eared dog's current distribution is expected to be lost or suffer sharp declines in habitat suitability by 2027 (within three generations) due to forest loss. This proportion might reach 40% of the species distribution in unprotected areas and exceed 60% in some interfluves (i.e. portions of land separated by large rivers) of the Amazon basin. Our local-scale analysis indicated that the presence of forest positively affected short-eared dog space use, while the density of forest edges had a negative effect. Beyond shedding light on the ecology of the short-eared dog and refining its distribution range, our results stress that forest loss poses a serious threat to the conservation of the species in a short time frame. Hence, we propose a re-assessment of the short-eared dog's current IUCN Red List status (Near Threatened) based on findings presented here. Our study exemplifies how data can be integrated across sources and modelling procedures to improve our knowledge of relatively understudied species

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Protocolos em Medicina Interna - Serviço de Medicina lnterna do Hospital Central do Funchal

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Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio